Resumen
Introducción: En los últimos dos años, se han llevado a cabo estudios que describen cómo la esteatosis hepática no alcohólica podría ser un marcador de riesgo independiente para la severidad de COVID-19. Este estado proinflamatorio puede contribuir a una liberación no controlada de citoquinas y predisponer a un mayor daño del parénquima pulmonar.11 Las imágenes radiológicas son una herramienta útil para clasificar la gravedad de la enfermedad. Evaluar los lóbulos pulmonares por medio de la tomografía y asignarles puntajes establecidos, permite a los médicos tratantes establecer un manejo apropiado en base al pronóstico de los pacientes. 5 El objetivo del estudio fue establecer la relación entre esteatosis hepática y COVID-19 severo según criterios tomográficos. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal retrospectivo en el cual se evaluaron 956 tomografías de tórax de pacientes del Hospital Herrera Llerandi en Guatemala entre mayo del 2020 y mayo 2021. Se evaluó el porcentaje de involucramiento por COVID-19 de los lóbulos pulmonares y se determinó el Índice de Atenuación Hepática (IAH) para poder evaluar la presencia de esteatosis hepática con el fin de establecer si existe una relación entre ambas patologías. Resultados: 388 tomografías cumplieron los criterios de inclusión, de las cuales 139 eran pacientes femeninos, 249 masculinos y la edad promedio era de 59.05 años. La prevalencia de esteatosis hepática de la muestra estudiada fue de 27.58%, de los cuales 76.64% fueron clasificados como COVID-19 severo. Se utilizó la prueba de Correlación de Pearson con un valor p de 0.05 para establecer la relación entre esteatosis hepática y COVID-19 severo, se obtuvo una correlación positiva con un cor = 0.1114325 indicando que la presencia de hígado graso aumenta el riesgo 1.2 veces de tener una enfermedad severa por SARS Cov 2 (Odds ratio 1.172, CI 95% 0.6967-1.9733, P = 0.02818). Conclusiones: Existe una relación positiva estadísticamente significativa entre esteatosis hepática y enfermedad severa por SARS CoV 2.
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