Resumen
Introduction: Congenital heart diseases have a high incidence worldwide, being the leading cause of chronic diseases in the pediatric population. Their identification includes a high index of clinical suspicion, along with adjunct studies, such as electrocardiography as a screening test, and echocardiography as the "gold standard". Objective: To determine the diagnostic utility of electrocardiograms for detecting congenital heart disease in children under 2 years old. Methodology: A quantitative, analytical, cross-sectional study was performed on 146 patients under 2 years of age, who underwent an electrocardiogram, and the results were compared with those obtained by transthoracic echocardiogram. Results: In the studied group, 55.48% were male and 72.6% were between 0 and 6 months old. The electrocardiographic findings were suggestive of patent ductus arteriosus (27.3%), ventricular septal defect (12%), and atrial septal defect (8.7%). These diagnoses coincided with those observed in the corresponding echocardiography. Sensitivity of 94%, specificity of 100%, positive predictive value of 100%, and negative predictive value of 92.1% were demonstrated. Conclusions: In the studied population, the electrocardiogram proved to be a screening diagnostic test with high sensitivity, specificity, and adequate positive and negative predictive values for identifying the presence of congenital heart diseases in children under 2 years of age.
Citas
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