Resumen
Introduction: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is the arrest of normal neuronal and vascular development of the retina in the preterm newborn, with ultimate pathological compensatory mechanisms that result in aberrant vascularization of the retina. ROP is the leading cause of preventable blindness in the pediatric patient. Multiple risk factors have been associated with its development, among which oxygen therapy and insufficient postnatal weight gain are the most correlated. It is estimated that 15% of cases of severe visual impairment in infants in developed countries and more than 60% in developing countries are secondary to this pathology. Objective: To correlate the nutritional status of the newborn and postnatal weight gain with the development of retinopathy of prematurity. Methodology: data was collected from 50 premature patients (<37 weeks’ gestational age) with development of retinopathy and low birth weight (<2,000 grams). Their postnatal weight gain was analyzed and compared with the postnatal weight gain of the control group, consisting of premature patients with low birth weight who did not develop any degree of visual impairment. Results: Of the patients who did not develop retinopathy, an average birth weight of 1,409 grams was determined, with a minimum of 700 grams and a maximum of 1984 grams. Patients who developed retinopathy had an average weight of 1,312 grams with a minimum of 650 grams and a maximum of 1984 grams. The average daily postnatal weight gain in grams/day over a period of 4 to 6 weeks was evaluated, and patients without ROP presented an average of 16.075 grams/day with a minimum of 2.86 grams/day and a maximum of 40 grams/day. On the contrary, patients that developed ROP averaged a daily weight gain of 9.199 grams/day, with a minimum of -2.38 grams/day and a maximum of 35.36 grams/day. Conclusion: Birth weight is not a statistically significant risk factor for the development of retinopathy however, insufficient postnatal weight gain is correlated with the development and progression of ROP in the premature patient.
Citas
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Copyright (c) 2020 María André Kopp Franco, Ana Lucía Díez Recinos y Ana Lucía Asturias
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