Introduction: Information about health and nutrition, as well as about factors that threaten them, is very limited in school children in rural areas of Guatemala. Objective: Describe the nutritional status, diet and risk factors related to the health of primary school children. Methodology: Descriptive cross-sectional study based on anthropometric measurements to inquire about environmental risk factors in the school setting.  Results: The study population comprised 144 boys and girls between the ages of 10 to 16 years old, enrolled in 4^th to 6^th grades of primary school. Of the total population, 36.8% presented short height (Z <-2 to -3) and 8.3% presented severely short height (Z <-3). Only 54.8% of the children were within the mean in the indicator of height for their age (z = 0). Regarding BMI for age, 9.7% of the children presented wasting (Z <-2), 70.8% had normal weight, 11.1% were at risk of being overweight (Z> +1), and 8.3% were overweight (Z> +2). Regarding health risk factors present in the population, 28.3% of the children reported that they are always hungry due to the lack of food at home, 30.0% reported not having had breakfast on any day during the last month and 2.8 % stated that they did not brush their teeth at any time of the day. 65.30% of the population reported that they always wash their hands before eating and 5.6% never wash their hands after using the latrine / bathroom. Conclusion: There are several nutritional and hygiene risk factors in the population of students enrolled between 4^th and 6^th grades at the Official Rural School – José Ernesto Monzón Reyna, most of which are reflected in growth patterns.